Tetracycline determinants: Class L

Tetracycline resistance gene classification: Class L

© Service of Biosafety & Biotechnology - Author: Jean-Marc Collard
Last revised: November 13, 1998

MECHANISM	Efflux	14-TMS (Transmembrane segments)
	Ribosomal protection
	Enzymatic
	Unknown

MINOCYCLINE RESISTANCE

YES

DISTRIBUTION

Gram-positives: Actinomyces, Bacillus, Clostridium, Enterococcus, Listeria, Mycobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Streptomyces

REPRESENTATIVES	pTHT15	pNS1981
GENETIC LOCATION	Plasmid	Plasmid
SOURCE	Bacillus stearothermophilus	Bacillus subtilis
SEQUENCE ACCESS NB	M11036 (Ref. 1)	D00006; N00006 (Ref. 2)

REPRESENTATIVES	tetA(L) (Ref. 3, 4, 5, 6)	pBC16
GENETIC LOCATION	Chromosome	Plasmid
SOURCE	Bacillus subtilis GSY908	Bacillus cereus
SEQUENCE ACCESS NB	X08034 (Ref. 3)	X51366 (Ref. 7)

REPRESENTATIVES	pSTE1	*tetBSR*
GENETIC LOCATION	Plasmid	Chromosome
SOURCE	Staphylococcus hyicus HW17	Bacillus subtilis R
SEQUENCE ACCESS NB	X60828 (Ref. 8)	D12567; D01189 (Ref. 9)

REPRESENTATIVES	pJH1
GENETIC LOCATION	Plasmid
SOURCE	Enterococcus faecalis
SEQUENCE ACCESS NB	U17153 (Ref. 10)

PROTEIN WEIGHT	50 kDa (Calculated) (Ref. 1)
PROBES	310-bp ClaI-HpaII fragment of pBC16 (Ref. 11, 12) 3.7-kb HincII fragment of pVB11 (pVH2124 derivative) (Ref. 13) 1050-bp BclI-BclI fragment of pSTE1 (Ref. 14)
PCR PRIMERS	see reference 6

REFERENCES

1 Hoshino, T., T. Ikeda, N. Tomizuka, and K. Furukawa. 1985. Nucleotide sequence of the tetracycline resistance gene of pTHT15, a thermophilic Bacillus plasmid: comparison with staphylococcal Tc^R controls. Gene 37:131-138.

2 Sakaguchi, R., K. Shishido, T. Hoshino, and K. Furukawa. 1986. The nucleotide sequence of the tetracycline resistance gene of plasmid pNS1981 from Bacillus subtilis differs from pTHT15 from a thermophilic Bacillus by two base pairs. Plasmid 16:72-73.

3 Sakaguchi, R., H. Amano, and K. Shishido. 1988. Nucleotide sequence homology of the tetracycline-resistance determinant naturally maintained in Bacillus subtilis Marburg 168 chromosome and the tetracycline-resistance gene of B. subtilis plasmid pNS1981. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 950:441-444.

4 Cheng, J., A. A. Guffanti, and T. A. Krulwich. 1994. The chromosomal tetracycline resistance locus of Bacillus subtilis encodes a Na+/H+ antiporter that is physiologically important at elevated pH. J. Biol. Chem. 269:27365-27371.

5 Cheng, J., A. A. Guffanti, W. Wang, T. A. Krulwich, and D. H. Bechhofer. 1996. Chromosomal tetA(L) gene of Bacillus subtilis: Regulation of expression and physiology of a tetA(L) deletion strain. J. Bacteriol. 178:2853-2860.

6 Cheng, J., K. Baldwin, A. A. Guffanti, and T. A. Krulwich. 1996. Na+/H+ antiport activity conferred by Bacillus subtilis tetA(L), a 5’ truncation product of tetA(L), and related plasmid genes upon Escherichia coli. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:852-857.

7 Palva, A., G. Vidgren, M. Simonen, H. Rintala, and P. Laamanen. 1990. Nucleotide sequence of the tetracycline resistance gene of pBC16. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:1635-1635.

8 Schwartz, S., M. Cardoso, nad H. C. Wagner. 1992. Nucleotide sequence and phylogeny of the tet(L) tetracycline resistance determinant encoded by plasmid pSTE1 from Staphylococcus hyicus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 36:580-588.

9 Amano, H., Y. Saito, and K. Shishido. 1993. The nucleotide sequence of the chromosomal tetracycline resistance gene of Bacillus subtilis R differs from that of B. subtilis 168 by five base pairs. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 39:321-326.

10 Platteeuw, C., F. Michiels, H. Joos, J. Seurinck, and W. M. de Vos. 1995. Characterization and heterologous expression of the tetL gene and identification of iso-ISS1 elements from Enterococcus faecalis plasmid pJH1. Gene 160:89-93.

11 Charpentier, E., G. Gerbaud, and P. Courvalin. 1994. Presence of the Listeria tetracycline resistance gene tet(S) in Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:2330-2335.

12 Chaslus-Dancla, E., M.-C. Lesage-Descauses, S. Leroy-Sétrin, J.-L. Martel, and J.-P. Lafont. 1995. Tetracycline resistance determinants, Tet B and Tet M, detected in Pasteurella multocida from bovine herds. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 36:815-819.

13 Roe, D. E., P. H. Braham, A. Weinberg, and M. C. Roberts. 1995. Characterization of tetracycline resistance in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 10:227-232.

14 Schwarz. S., and W. C. Noble. 1994. Tetracycline resistance genes in staphylococci from the skin of pigs. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 76:320-326.

	REFERENCES
1	Hoshino, T., T. Ikeda, N. Tomizuka, and K. Furukawa. 1985. Nucleotide sequence of the tetracycline resistance gene of pTHT15, a thermophilic Bacillus plasmid: comparison with staphylococcal Tc^R controls. Gene 37:131-138.
2	Sakaguchi, R., K. Shishido, T. Hoshino, and K. Furukawa. 1986. The nucleotide sequence of the tetracycline resistance gene of plasmid pNS1981 from Bacillus subtilis differs from pTHT15 from a thermophilic Bacillus by two base pairs. Plasmid 16:72-73.
3	Sakaguchi, R., H. Amano, and K. Shishido. 1988. Nucleotide sequence homology of the tetracycline-resistance determinant naturally maintained in Bacillus subtilis Marburg 168 chromosome and the tetracycline-resistance gene of B. subtilis plasmid pNS1981. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 950:441-444.
4	Cheng, J., A. A. Guffanti, and T. A. Krulwich. 1994. The chromosomal tetracycline resistance locus of Bacillus subtilis encodes a Na+/H+ antiporter that is physiologically important at elevated pH. J. Biol. Chem. 269:27365-27371.
5	Cheng, J., A. A. Guffanti, W. Wang, T. A. Krulwich, and D. H. Bechhofer. 1996. Chromosomal tetA(L) gene of Bacillus subtilis: Regulation of expression and physiology of a tetA(L) deletion strain. J. Bacteriol. 178:2853-2860.
6	Cheng, J., K. Baldwin, A. A. Guffanti, and T. A. Krulwich. 1996. Na+/H+ antiport activity conferred by Bacillus subtilis tetA(L), a 5’ truncation product of tetA(L), and related plasmid genes upon Escherichia coli. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:852-857.
7	Palva, A., G. Vidgren, M. Simonen, H. Rintala, and P. Laamanen. 1990. Nucleotide sequence of the tetracycline resistance gene of pBC16. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:1635-1635.
8	Schwartz, S., M. Cardoso, nad H. C. Wagner. 1992. Nucleotide sequence and phylogeny of the tet(L) tetracycline resistance determinant encoded by plasmid pSTE1 from Staphylococcus hyicus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 36:580-588.
9	Amano, H., Y. Saito, and K. Shishido. 1993. The nucleotide sequence of the chromosomal tetracycline resistance gene of Bacillus subtilis R differs from that of B. subtilis 168 by five base pairs. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 39:321-326.
10	Platteeuw, C., F. Michiels, H. Joos, J. Seurinck, and W. M. de Vos. 1995. Characterization and heterologous expression of the tetL gene and identification of iso-ISS1 elements from Enterococcus faecalis plasmid pJH1. Gene 160:89-93.
11	Charpentier, E., G. Gerbaud, and P. Courvalin. 1994. Presence of the Listeria tetracycline resistance gene tet(S) in Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:2330-2335.
12	Chaslus-Dancla, E., M.-C. Lesage-Descauses, S. Leroy-Sétrin, J.-L. Martel, and J.-P. Lafont. 1995. Tetracycline resistance determinants, Tet B and Tet M, detected in Pasteurella multocida from bovine herds. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 36:815-819.
13	Roe, D. E., P. H. Braham, A. Weinberg, and M. C. Roberts. 1995. Characterization of tetracycline resistance in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 10:227-232.
14	Schwarz. S., and W. C. Noble. 1994. Tetracycline resistance genes in staphylococci from the skin of pigs. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 76:320-326.