Tetracycline determinants: Class M

Tetracycline resistance gene classification: Class M

© Service of Biosafety & Biotechnology - Author: Jean-Marc Collard
Last revised: November 16, 1998

MECHANISM		Efflux
		Ribosomal protection
		Enzymatic
		Unknown

MINOCYCLINE RESISTANCE

YES

DISTRIBUTION

Gram-positives: Aerococcus, Actinomyces, Bacterionema, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Gardnerella, Gemella, Listeria, Mycoplasma, Peptostreptococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Ureaplasma
Gram-negatives: Campylobacter, Eikenella, Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Kingella, Neisseria, Pasteurella, Prevotella, Veillonella

REPRESENTATIVES	Tn1545	tet(M)
GENETIC LOCATION	Conjugative transposon	Chromosome
SOURCE	Enterococcus (Streptococcus) faecalis BM4127	Ureaplasma urealyticum pUW-JKB1
SEQUENCE ACCESS NB	X04388 (Ref. 1)	U08812 (Ref. 2)

REPRESENTATIVES	Tn916	tetA(M)
GENETIC LOCATION	Conjugative transposon (Ref. 20)	Chromosome
SOURCE	Enterococcus (Streptococcus) faecalis	Staphylococcus aureus MRSA101
SEQUENCE ACCESS NB	X56353 (Ref. 3)	M21136 (Ref. 4)

REPRESENTATIVES	pOZ100	pOZ101
GENETIC LOCATION	Plasmid	Plasmid
SOURCE	Neisseria gonorrhoeae 6418	Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2903
SEQUENCE ACCESS NB	L12241 (Ref. 5)	L12242 (Ref. 5)

REPRESENTATIVES	Tn5251	TnFO1
GENETIC LOCATION	Conjugative transposon	Conjugative transposon
SOURCE	Streptococcus pneumoniae	Enterococcus faecalis
SEQUENCE ACCESS NB	X90939 (Ref. 6)	X92947 (Ref. 7)

PROTEIN WEIGHT	72 kDa (Calculated) (Ref. 1)
PROBES	850-bp ClaI-HindIII fragment ofTn1545 or 850-bp EcoRI-HindIII fragment of pAT101 (Ref. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) 5 kb HincII fragment of pJI3 (Ref. 13) 5’-GCT CAA CAA TTC TGT TCC AGC-3’ (Ref. 14)
PCR PRIMERS	see references 5, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19

REFERENCES

1 Martin, P., P. Trieu-Cuot, and P. Courvalin. 1986. Nucleotide sequence of the Tet M tetracycline resistance determinant of the streptococcal conjugative shuttle transposon Tn1545. Nucleic Acids Res. 14:7047-7058.

2 Sanchez-Pescador, R., J. T. Brown, M. Roberts and M. S. Urdea. 1988. The nucleotide sequence of the tetracycline resistance determinant tetM from Ureaplasma urealyticum. Nucleic Acids Res. 16:1216-1217.

3 Burdett, V. 1990. Nucleotide sequence of the tet(M) gene of Tn916. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:6137.

4 Nesin, M., P. Svec, J. R. Lupski, G. N. Godson, B. Kreiswirth, J. Kornblum et al.. 1990. Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a chromosomally encoded tetracycline resistance determinant, tetA(M) , from a pathogenic, methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 34:2273-2276.

5 Gascoyne-Binzi, D. M., J. Heritage, and P. M. Hawkey. 1993. Nucelotide sequences of the tet(M) genes from the American and Dutch type tetracycline resistance plasmids of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 32:667-676.

6 Provvedi, R., R. Manganelli, and G. Pozzi. 1996. Characterization of the conjugative transposon Tn5251 of Streptococcus pneumoniae. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 135:231-236.

7 Perreten, V., B. Kolloeffel, and M. Teuber. 1997. Conjugal transfer of Tn916-like transposon TnFO1 from Enterococcus faecalis FO1 to several Gram-positive bacteria. Syst. AppL. Microbiol. 20:27-38.

8 Lee, C. Y., B. E. Langlois, and K. A. Dawson. 1993. Detection of tetracycline resistance determinants in pig isolates from three herds with different histories of antimicrobial agent exposure. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:1467-1472.

9 Schwarz, S., I. W. T. Wibawan, and C. Lammler. 1994. Distribution of genes conferring combined resistance to tetracycline and minocycline among group-B streptococcal isolates from humans and various animals. Zbl. Bakt. 281:526-533.

10 Schwarz. S., and W. C. Noble. 1994. Tetracycline resistance genes in staphylococci from the skin of pigs. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 76:320-326.

11 Charpentier, E., G. Gerbaud, and P. Courvalin. 1994. Presence of the Listeria tetracycline resistance gene tet(S) in Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:2330-2335.

12 Chaslus-Dancla, E., M.-C. Lesage-Descauses, S. Leroy-Sétrin, J.-L. Martel, and J.-P. Lafont. 1995. Tetracycline resistance determinants, Tet B and Tet M, detected in Pasteurella multocida from bovine herds. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 36:815-819.

13 Roe, D. E., P. H. Braham, A. Weinberg, and M. C. Roberts. 1995. Characterization of tetracycline resistance in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 10:227-232.

14 Carballo, M., L. K. Ng, and J. R. Dillon. 1994. Detection of the tetM determinant in Neisseria gonorrhoeae using a non-radioactively labelled oligonucleotide probe. Mol. Cell. Probes 8:205-208.

15 Roberts, M. C., Y. Pang, D. E. Riley, S. L. Hillier, R. C. Berger, and J. N. Krieger. 1993. Detection of Tet M and Tet O tetracycline resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction. Mol. Cell. Probes 7:387-393.

16 Xia, M., Y. Pang, and M. C. Roberts. 1995. Detection of two groups of 25.2 MDa Tet M plasmids by polymerase chain reaction of the down stream region. Mol. Cell. Probes 9:327-332.

17 Lacroix, J. M., and C. B.Walker. 1995. Detection and incidence of the tetracycline resistance determinant tet(M) in the microflora associated with adult periodontitis. J. Periodont. 66:102-108.

18 Hansen, L. M., P. C. Blanchard, and D. C. Hirsh. 1996. Distribution of tet(H) among Pasteurella isolates from the United States and Canada. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:1558-1560.

19 Lyras, D., and J. I. Rood. 1996. Genetic organization and distribution of tetracycline resistance determinants in Clostridium perfringens. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:2500-2504.

20 Salyers, A.A., N.B. Shoemaker, A.M. Stevens and L.-Y. Li. 1995. Conjugative transposons: an unusual and diverse set of integrated gene transfer elements. Microbiol. Rev. 59:579-590.

21 Rice, L. B. 1998. Tn916 family conjugative transposons and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:1871-1877.

	REFERENCES
1	Martin, P., P. Trieu-Cuot, and P. Courvalin. 1986. Nucleotide sequence of the Tet M tetracycline resistance determinant of the streptococcal conjugative shuttle transposon Tn1545. Nucleic Acids Res. 14:7047-7058.
2	Sanchez-Pescador, R., J. T. Brown, M. Roberts and M. S. Urdea. 1988. The nucleotide sequence of the tetracycline resistance determinant tetM from Ureaplasma urealyticum. Nucleic Acids Res. 16:1216-1217.
3	Burdett, V. 1990. Nucleotide sequence of the tet(M) gene of Tn916. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:6137.
4	Nesin, M., P. Svec, J. R. Lupski, G. N. Godson, B. Kreiswirth, J. Kornblum et al.. 1990. Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a chromosomally encoded tetracycline resistance determinant, tetA(M) , from a pathogenic, methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 34:2273-2276.
5	Gascoyne-Binzi, D. M., J. Heritage, and P. M. Hawkey. 1993. Nucelotide sequences of the tet(M) genes from the American and Dutch type tetracycline resistance plasmids of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 32:667-676.
6	Provvedi, R., R. Manganelli, and G. Pozzi. 1996. Characterization of the conjugative transposon Tn5251 of Streptococcus pneumoniae. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 135:231-236.
7	Perreten, V., B. Kolloeffel, and M. Teuber. 1997. Conjugal transfer of Tn916-like transposon TnFO1 from Enterococcus faecalis FO1 to several Gram-positive bacteria. Syst. AppL. Microbiol. 20:27-38.
8	Lee, C. Y., B. E. Langlois, and K. A. Dawson. 1993. Detection of tetracycline resistance determinants in pig isolates from three herds with different histories of antimicrobial agent exposure. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:1467-1472.
9	Schwarz, S., I. W. T. Wibawan, and C. Lammler. 1994. Distribution of genes conferring combined resistance to tetracycline and minocycline among group-B streptococcal isolates from humans and various animals. Zbl. Bakt. 281:526-533.
10	Schwarz. S., and W. C. Noble. 1994. Tetracycline resistance genes in staphylococci from the skin of pigs. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 76:320-326.
11	Charpentier, E., G. Gerbaud, and P. Courvalin. 1994. Presence of the Listeria tetracycline resistance gene tet(S) in Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:2330-2335.
12	Chaslus-Dancla, E., M.-C. Lesage-Descauses, S. Leroy-Sétrin, J.-L. Martel, and J.-P. Lafont. 1995. Tetracycline resistance determinants, Tet B and Tet M, detected in Pasteurella multocida from bovine herds. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 36:815-819.
13	Roe, D. E., P. H. Braham, A. Weinberg, and M. C. Roberts. 1995. Characterization of tetracycline resistance in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 10:227-232.
14	Carballo, M., L. K. Ng, and J. R. Dillon. 1994. Detection of the tetM determinant in Neisseria gonorrhoeae using a non-radioactively labelled oligonucleotide probe. Mol. Cell. Probes 8:205-208.
15	Roberts, M. C., Y. Pang, D. E. Riley, S. L. Hillier, R. C. Berger, and J. N. Krieger. 1993. Detection of Tet M and Tet O tetracycline resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction. Mol. Cell. Probes 7:387-393.
16	Xia, M., Y. Pang, and M. C. Roberts. 1995. Detection of two groups of 25.2 MDa Tet M plasmids by polymerase chain reaction of the down stream region. Mol. Cell. Probes 9:327-332.
17	Lacroix, J. M., and C. B.Walker. 1995. Detection and incidence of the tetracycline resistance determinant tet(M) in the microflora associated with adult periodontitis. J. Periodont. 66:102-108.
18	Hansen, L. M., P. C. Blanchard, and D. C. Hirsh. 1996. Distribution of tet(H) among Pasteurella isolates from the United States and Canada. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:1558-1560.
19	Lyras, D., and J. I. Rood. 1996. Genetic organization and distribution of tetracycline resistance determinants in Clostridium perfringens. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:2500-2504.
20	Salyers, A.A., N.B. Shoemaker, A.M. Stevens and L.-Y. Li. 1995. Conjugative transposons: an unusual and diverse set of integrated gene transfer elements. Microbiol. Rev. 59:579-590.
21	Rice, L. B. 1998. Tn916 family conjugative transposons and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:1871-1877.